Eze Ndigbo of Ajao Estate Challenges Lagos Chieftaincy Law in Landmark Appeal

A Legal Battle That Could Redefine Traditional Leadership in Lagos

The conviction of Frederick Nwajagu, the Eze Ndigbo of Ajao Estate, has ignited a critical legal dispute that could reshape the recognition of non-Yoruba traditional leadership in Lagos State. His recent appeal challenges the constitutionality of the Obas and Chiefs Law of Lagos State, citing violations of fundamental rights enshrined in the 1999 Nigerian Constitution. This case carries profound implications for cultural identity, traditional authority, and the legal framework governing chieftaincy titles in Lagos.

---

Background: Arrest, Trial, and Controversial Conviction

In April 2023, Nwajagu was arrested following a viral video in which he allegedly threatened to invite members of the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) to protect Igbo-owned properties in Lagos. His arrest led to a high-profile trial at the Lagos State High Court, where he faced multiple charges, including terrorism-related offenses and illegally parading himself as a chief.

While the court acquitted him of terrorism charges, it found him guilty under Section 34 of the Obas and Chiefs Law (1981) for assuming a chieftaincy title without government recognition. He was sentenced to one year in prison but was released immediately as his time in custody exceeded the jail term.

Nwajagu’s legal team, led by Chief Emefo Etudo, has filed an appeal contesting the verdict. The core of his argument revolves around the constitutionality of Lagos State’s chieftaincy law, particularly Sections 26-36, which he claims infringe on fundamental rights.

Key Arguments in the Appeal

1. Violation of Constitutional Rights

   • The 1999 Nigerian Constitution (Sections 39 and 40) guarantees freedom of expression and association.
   • The Obas and Chiefs Law conflicts with these constitutional provisions by restricting cultural expressions and leadership structures within non-Yoruba communities.

2. Misapplication of the Law

   • The defense argues that the trial judge misinterpreted Section 34 of the Obas and Chiefs Law.
   • The Lagos Administration of Criminal Justice Law (2015) should have taken precedence in the case.

3. Lack of Evidence

   • Nwajagu contends that the prosecution failed to prove he publicly declared himself a chief.
   • His private meetings and cultural gatherings do not constitute an illegal chieftaincy installation.

1. Impact on Non-Yoruba Traditional Leadership

If the appeal succeeds, it could pave the way for greater recognition of Igbo and other ethnic leadership structures in Lagos. It would challenge the current legal framework, which primarily acknowledges Yoruba chieftaincy institutions.

2. Potential Legal Reforms

A ruling in Nwajagu’s favor may set a precedent, prompting revisions of the Obas and Chiefs Law to accommodate cultural diversity in chieftaincy recognition.

3. Constitutional Clarifications

The case forces a legal re-evaluation of the extent to which state laws can regulate traditional titles, particularly in multi-ethnic regions like Lagos.

The Eze Ndigbo of Ajao Estate’s legal battle is more than a personal fight—it is a test of constitutional rights versus state laws. As the Court of Appeal prepares to hear this case, the verdict will likely shape the future of chieftaincy laws, cultural identity, and ethnic leadership in Lagos State.

This case stands as a defining moment in Nigeria’s legal landscape, reinforcing the need for equitable recognition of all ethnic leadership structures within the country’s diverse communities.